We tracked the largest volunteer security information sharing community known to date: the COVID-19 Cyber Threat Coalition, with over 4,000 members. We attribute these flaws to five gaps in Facebook’s current enforcement and transparency implementation, and close with recommendations to improve the security of the online political ad ecosystem. Moreover, enforcement appears inadequate for preventing systematic violations of political advertising policies: for example, advertisers were able to continue running political ads without disclosing them while they were temporarily prohibited in the U.S. Detection performance is uneven across countries, with some having up to 53 times higher false negative rates among clearly political pages than in the U.S. Facebook’s current enforcement appears imprecise: 61% more ads are missed than are detected worldwide, and 55% of U.S. In a comprehensive, large-scale analysis of 4.2 million political and 29.6 million non-political ads from 215,030 advertisers, we identify ads correctly detected as political (true positives), ads incorrectly detected (false positives), and ads missed by detection (false negatives). In this paper, we quantify whether Facebook’s current enforcement correctly identifies political ads and ensures compliance by advertisers. To select a band for editing, click a curve line segment, the (center frequency) handle, or in the colored space between the zero line and EQ curve.Major technology companies strive to protect the integrity of political advertising on their platforms by implementing and enforcing self-regulatory policies that impose transparency requirements on political ads. Each colored band (and corresponding Frequency, Gain, and Q field) is highlighted as you move the pointer across it. The color of each band matches the corresponding button above the display. Graphic display: Shows the current curve of each EQ band. When band 8 is active, you can directly change band parameters in the graphic display.īand 8 background: Drag to change the frequency value.īand 8 dot: Drag to change the frequency and Q value.īand 8 horizontal line: Drag to change the Q value.īand 8 vertical line: Drag to change the slope.īand 8 vertical and horizontal lines: Drag to change the slope and Q value. When band 7 is active, you can directly change band parameters in the graphic display.īand 7 background or dot: Drag to change the frequency and gain values.īand 7 horizontal line: Drag to change the gain value.īand 7 vertical line: Drag to change the Q value.īand 7 vertical and horizontal lines: Drag to change the gain and Q values.īand 8 On/Off button: A lowpass filter that allows low frequencies to pass and reduces the level of high frequencies near the cutoff (set) frequency. When one of these bands is active, you can directly change band parameters in the graphic display.īand 3–6 background or dot: Drag to change the frequency and gain values.īand 3–6 horizontal line: Drag to change the gain value.īand 3–6 vertical line: Drag to change the Q value.īand 3–6 vertical and horizontal lines: Drag to change the gain and Q values.īand 7 On/Off button: A high shelving filter that adjusts the level of high frequencies and has a minimal impact on frequencies below the cutoff (set) frequency. Q sets the width of the frequency band around the center frequency. When band 2 is active, you can directly change band parameters in the graphic display.īand 2 background or dot: Drag to change the frequency and gain values.īand 2 horizontal line: Drag to change the gain value.īand 2 vertical line: Drag to change the Q value.īand 2 vertical and horizontal lines: Drag to change the gain and Q values.īands 3–6 On/Off buttons: Parametric bell filters with three controls. When band 1 is active, you can directly change band parameters in the graphic display.īand 1 background: Drag to change the frequency value.īand 1 dot: Drag to change the frequency and Q values.īand 1 horizontal line: Drag to change the Q value.īand 1 vertical line: Drag to change the slope.īand 1 vertical and horizontal lines: Drag to change the slope and Q value.īand 2 On/Off button: A low shelving filter that adjusts the level of low frequencies and has a minimal impact on frequencies above the cutoff (set) frequency.
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